BIBLIOGRAPHY

ACLU. “A Pound of Flesh: The Criminalization of Private Debt.” American Civil Liberties Union,, https://www.aclu.org/report/pound-flesh-criminalization-private-debt 16 May 2017, https://www.aclu.org/report/pound-flesh-criminalization-private-debt  Accessed 18 April. 2022.

ACLU. “Mass Incarceration | ACLU of Louisiana.” ACLU of Louisiana, www.laaclu.org, 16 May 2017, https://www.laaclu.org/en/issues/mass-incarceration/. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Adcox, Seanna, and Stephen Fastenau. “SC Juvenile Justice Guards, Employees Protest Conditions, Refuse to Go to Work | Columbia News | Postandcourier.Com.” Post and Courier, www.postandcourier.com, 4 June 2021, https://www.postandcourier.com/columbia/news/sc-juvenile-justice-guards-employees-protest-conditions-refuse-to-go-to-work/article_05e20b28-c53c-11eb-86a2-7702a9391be8.html.

Adler, Margot. “Before Rosa Parks, There Was Claudette Colvin : NPR.” NPR.Org, www.npr.org, 15 Mar. 2009, https://www.npr.org/2009/03/15/101719889/before-rosa-parks-there-was-claudette-colvin.

Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow. The New Press , 2010.

Asmelash, Leah. “One of the Longest Marches of the Civil Rights Movement Is Honored in Louisiana - CNN.” CNN, www.cnn.com, 10 Aug. 2021, https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/10/us/louisiana-civil-rights-trail-new-trnd/index.html.

Associated Press. “North Carolina Prisons Rename Locales over Racist Histories | WUNC.” WUNC, www.wunc.org, 1 Oct. 2021, https://www.wunc.org/law/2021-10-01/north-carolina-prisons-rename-racist-histories. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Atkins, Audrey. “What’s so Funny about My Southern Accent?” Reckon South, www.reckonsouth.com, 30 Sept. 2021, https://www.reckonsouth.com/whats-so-funny-about-my-southern-accent/. Accessed 18 March 2022.

Barkey, Frederick A. Working Class Radicals: The Socialist Party in West Virginia, 1898-1920, West Virginia University Press

Bailey, Aubree. “7 Inmates Die within 39 Days at Bessemer Prison.” CBS 42, www.cbs42.com, 13 Aug. 2021, https://www.cbs42.com/news/crime/7-inmates-die-within-39-days-at-bessemer-prison/.

Baudrillard, Jean, 1929-2007. Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.

Baudrillard, Jean, and Julia Witwer. The Vital Illusion. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Internet resource.

Bender, Albert. “LandBack Is Leading to Real Victories.” Communist Party USA, cpusa.org, 19 Jan. 2022, https://cpusa.org/article/landback-is-leading-to-real-victories/.

Beth, Mary, and Odell Walker. “The Battle of Saratoga Springs, Kentucky.” Confederate Cavalryman: The Battle of Saratoga Springs, Kentucky, evansfamilytreeclimb.blogspot.com, 23 Oct. 2008, http://evansfamilytreeclimb.blogspot.com/2008/10/battle-of-saratoga-springs-kentucky.html.

Bertram, Wanda, and Wendy Sawyer. “Prisons and Jails Will Separate Millions of Mothers from Their Children in 2021 | Prison Policy Initiative.” Prisons and Jails Will Separate Millions of Mothers from Their Children in 2021 | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org, 5 May 2021, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2021/05/05/mothers-day-2021/. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Blakeman, Erin. “The Louisiana Purchase Was a Bargain. But It Came at a Great Human Cost.” History, www.nationalgeographic.com, 30 Apr. 2020, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/louisiana-purchase-bargain-came-great-human-cost. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Blakemore, Erin. “Black History Month: How Septima Clark Schooled Civil Rights | Time.” Time, time.com, 16 Feb. 2016, https://time.com/4213751/septima-clark-civil-rights-movement/.

Blethen, H. Tyler. “The Transmission of Scottish Culture to the Southern Back Country.” Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association, vol. 6, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services/ East Tennessee State University, 1994, pp. 59–72, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41445662.

Blitz, John H. Moundville. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1604/9780817354787. Accessed 10 April. 2022.

Boghani, Priyanka. “What Happened to Poverty in America in 2021.” FRONTLINE, www.pbs.org, 22 Dec. 2021, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/poverty-america-2021-covid-pandemic/. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Bolton, S. Charles. “Jeffersonian Indian Removal and the Emergence of Arkansas Territory.” The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 3, Arkansas Historical Association, 2003, pp. 253–71, https://doi.org/10.2307/40024265. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Bolton, S. Charles. “Jeffersonian Indian Removal and the Emergence of Arkansas Territory.” The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 3, Arkansas Historical Association, 2003, pp. 253–71, https://doi.org/10.2307/40024265. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Braund, Kathryn. “Summer 1814: The Treaty of Ft. Jackson Ends the Creek War (U.S. National Park Service).” Summer 1814: The Treaty of Ft. Jackson Ends the Creek War (U.S. National Park Service), www.nps.gov, 15 Aug. 2017, https://www.nps.gov/articles/treaty-of-fort-jackson.htm

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Memphis". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/place/Memphis-Tennessee. Accessed 1 April 2022. 

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Montgomery bus boycott". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Nov. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/event/Montgomery-bus-boycott. Accessed 31 March 2022. 

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Transcontinental Treaty". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Oct. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Transcontinental-Treaty. Accessed 1 April 2022.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Social Workers,
at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/social-workers.htm (visited April 19, 2022).

Bureau of Justice Statistics, Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2011–12.

Burton, Chase S. “Child Savers and Unchildlike Youth: Class, Race, and Juvenile Justice in the Early Twentieth Century.” Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 44, no. 4, 2019, pp. 1251–1269., doi:10.1017/lsi.2019.11. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Carson, Gerald. The Social History of Bourbon, The University Press of Kentucky, 2010. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=792226. Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Cecelski, David S. “The Shores of Freedom: The Maritime Underground Railroad in North Carolina, 1800-1861.” The North Carolina Historical Review, vol. 71, no. 2, North Carolina Office of Archives and History, 1994, pp. 174–206, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23521582.

Charles J. Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, 5 vols. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1904–1941). Accessed 18 April. 2022.

Clara Sue Kidwell, “Choctaw (tribe),” The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CH047. Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Clark, James C. “Civil Rights Leader Harry T. Moore and the Ku Klux Klan in Florida.” The Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 73, no. 2, Florida Historical Society, 1994, pp. 166–83, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30148758.

“Clark, Septima Poinsette | The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute.” The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute, kinginstitute.stanford.edu, 25 Apr. 2017, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/clark-septima-poinsette.

Clyde, Tucker. “Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (1849- ) •” Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (1849- ) • www.blackpast.org, 26 June 2021, https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/institutions-african-american-history/texas-state-penitentiary-at-huntsville-1849/.

Cobbins-Modica, Q. (2007, January 22). Emmett Louis Till (1941-1955). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/till-emmett-1941-1955/ Accessed 5 March. 2022.

Cooke, W A. Caledonia: From Antebellum Plantation, 1713-1892 to State Prison and Farm, 1892-1988. Tillery, NC (P.O. Box 96, Tillery 27887: W.A. Cooke, 1988. Print.

Council on Social Work Education. (2015). Annual Statistics on Social Work Education in the United States. Retrieved March/April 2018, from https://www.cswe.org/getattachment/992f629c-57cf-4a74-8201-1db7a6fa4667/2015-Statistics-on-Social-Work-Education.aspx.

Couto, Richard A. “The Spatial Distribution of Wealth and Poverty in Appalachia.” Journal of Appalachian Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, [Appalachian Studies Association, Inc., University of Illinois Press], 1995, pp. 99–120, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41446307.

Coy, Greg. “Community Seeking Answers after Three Inmates Escape from Millington Prison Camp – FOX13 News Memphis.” FOX13 News Memphis, www.fox13memphis.com, 26 Mar. 2018, https://www.fox13memphis.com/top-stories/community-seeking-answers-after-three-inmates-escape-from-millington-prison/722225778/

Crain, Caleb. “What a White-Supremacist Coup Looks Like | The New Yorker.” The New Yorker, www.newyorker.com, 15 Apr. 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/04/27/what-a-white-supremacist-coup-looks-like.

Crouch, Barry A. "One Dies, Get Another: Convict Leasing in the American South, 1866-1928." Civil War History, vol. 43, no. 3, Sept. 1997, pp. 270+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20378638/AONE?u=googlescholar&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=a2da752e. Accessed 20 Apr. 2022.

Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2022-04-01 23:07:40.

Crum, Steven. “The Choctaw Nation: Changing the Appearance of American Higher Education, 1830-1907.” History of Education Quarterly, vol. 47, no. 1, [History of Education Society, Wiley], 2007, pp. 49–68, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20462144.

Cunningham, Vinson. “How the Idea of Hell Has Shaped the Way We Think | The New Yorker.” The New Yorker, www.newyorker.com, 14 Jan. 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/01/21/how-the-idea-of-hell-has-shaped-the-way-we-think

Curtin, Mary Ellen. Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865–1900. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000

Davies, Dave. “‘Wilmington’s Lie’ Author Traces The Rise Of White Supremacy In A Southern City : NPR.” NPR.Org, www.npr.org, 12 Mar. 2021, https://www.npr.org/2021/03/12/975653675/wilmingtons-lie-author-traces-the-rise-of-white-supremacy-in-a-southern-city.

Davis, Angela Y. Are Prisons Obsolete? Seven Stories Press, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1604/9781583225813

Demillo, Andrew and Kissel, Kelly P. . “Arkansas Executes Killer for Fourth Lethal Injection in Eight Days.” Spokesman.com, The Spokesman-Review, 27 Apr. 2017, www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/apr/27/arkansas-prepares-to-wrap-up-aggressive-execution-/.

DKHC, and Maranda Perez. “Native American Trails of DeKalb County - DeKalb History Center.” DeKalb History Center, dekalbhistory.org, 26 Oct. 2019, https://dekalbhistory.org/blog-posts/a-walk-through-the-past-a-history-of-dekalb-countys-native-american-trails/#:~:text=Before%20white%20settlers%20occupied%20today’s,area%20for%20thousands%20of%20years.

Douglass, Frederick. Speech: “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” July 5, 1852, Douglass Papers, ser. 1, 2:383

Donahue, Meg. “Trail of Tears Historic Trail Gets an Update - Atlanta Magazine.” Atlanta Magazine, www.atlantamagazine.com, 1 Mar. 2010, https://www.atlantamagazine.com/history/trail-of-tears-trail/

Dwyer, Charles L., and Gerald L. Holder. “TSHA | Huntsville, TX.” TSHA | Huntsville, TX, www.tshaonline.org, Published: 1976

Elizabeth Swavola, Kristine Riley, Ram Subramanian. Overlooked: Women and Jails in an Era of Reform. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2016.

Ellis, Jimmy. “Tennessee State Prison over the Years.” Tennessee State Prison over the Years, www.tennessean.com, 29 Dec. 2015, https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/news/2015/12/29/tennessee-state-prison-over-the-years/78047226/

Equal Justice Initiative, “Reconstruction in America: Racial Violence after the Civil War, 1865-1876” (2020).    

“Equal Justice Initiative.” Equal Justice Initiative, eji.org, 11 Apr. 2018, https://eji.org/.

“Executive Summary | Lambda Legal.” Lambda Legal, www.lambdalegal.org, https://www.lambdalegal.org/protected-and-served/summary#INTRODUCTION. Accessed 18 Apr. 2022.                               

FBI. “Bonnie and Clyde | Federal Bureau of Investigation.” Federal Bureau of Investigation, www.fbi.gov, https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/bonnie-and-clyde. Accessed 12 Apr. 2022. 

FCI. “Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) - Memphis - InmateAid.” Federal Corrections Institute- Memphis, inmateprisons.com, 16 June 2020, http://inmateprisons.com/prisons/federal-correctional-institution-fci-memphis/.

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=5336684.

Fraga, Kaleena. “How This Grocer From Virginia Wound Up Hosting The Beginning and End Of The Civil War.” Wilmer McLean, The Man Who Couldn’t Escape the Civil War, allthatsinteresting.com, 9 Jan. 2021, https://allthatsinteresting.com/wilmer-mclean

Fred Moten & Stefano Harney, The University and the Undercommons: Seven Theses, (2004).

Frey, William H. “Six Maps That Reveal America’s Expanding Racial Diversity.” Brookings, www.brookings.edu, 29 Aug. 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/research/americas-racial-diversity-in-six-maps/.

Goddard, Ives. “The Indigenous Languages of the Southeast.” Anthropological Linguistics, vol. 47, no. 1, 2005, pp. 1–60, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25132315. Accessed 22 Apr. 2022.

Gottschalk, Marie. The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Gosch, Kara. “Families and Mass Incarceration | The Sentencing Project.” The Sentencing Project, www.sentencingproject.org, 24 Apr. 2018, https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/6148/

Grabenstein, Hannah. “Inside Mississippi’s Notorious Parchman Prison | PBS NewsHour.” PBS NewsHour, www.pbs.org, 30 Jan. 2018, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/inside-mississippis-notorious-parchman-prison.

Graber, Jennifer. The Furnace of Affliction: Prisons and Religion in Antebellum America. The University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Project MUSE muse.jhu.edu/book/18363.

Grella, Christine & Lovinger, Katherine & Warda, Sami. (2013). Relationships Among Trauma Exposure, Familial Characteristics, and PTSD: A Case-Control Study of Women in Prison and in the General Population. Women & Criminal Justice. 23. 63-79. 10.1080/08974454.2013.743376. 

Greer, Nicole G. ““Learn the use of Explosives!”: Goddess of Anarchy: The Life and Times of Lucy Parsons, American Radical.” The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, vol. 18, no. 2, 2019, pp. 242-243. ProQuest, http://proxy.library.nyu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/learn-use-explosives-goddess-anarchy-life-times/docview/2216612672/se-2?accountid=12768, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537781418000737.

Griffith, Lee. The Fall of the Prison: Biblical Perspectives on Prison Abolition. Eerdmans, 1993, https://doi.org/10.1604/9780802806703.

Halbert, Henry S., and Timothy H. Ball. The Creek War of 1813 and 1814. Edited by Frank L. Owsley Jr. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1995.

Hansen, Victoria. “Inmates In South Carolina To Choose Electric Chair or Firing Squad: NPR.” NPR.Org, www.npr.org, 20 May 2021, https://www.npr.org/2021/05/20/998600135/south-carolina-reinstates-firing-squad-but-not-without-legal-challenges

Harper, William T. Eleven Days in Hell [electronic Resource]: the 1974 Carrasco Prison Siege in Huntsville, Texas / by William T. Harper. University of North Texas Press, 2004. 

Harry Elmer Barnes, The Historical Origin of the Prison System in America, 12 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 35, 36, 60 (1921).

Hawkins, Asher. “America’s 10 Cushiest Prisons.” Forbes, www.forbes.com, 13 July 2009, https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/13/best-prisons-cushiest-madoff-personal-finance-lockups.html?sh=3bd783d711f3.

Hess, Karren M, Christine M. H. Orthmann, and John P. Wright. Juvenile Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013. Print.

Hineman, Brinley. “Lost Nashville: The Tennessee State Penitentiary.” The Tennessean, www.tennessean.com, 20 Aug. 2020, https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2020/08/20/lost-nashville-tennessee-state-penitentiary-history/3372707001/.

History and Art Archives: US Representatives. “The Secession of South Carolina | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.” The Secession of South Carolina | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives, history.house.gov, 24 Dec. 1860, https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-secession-of-South-Carolina/.

Holland, Steve. “Two Black Prisoners Were Shot to Death and Two... - UPI Archives.” UPI, www.upi.com, 9 Feb. 1982, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/02/09/Two-black-prisoners-were-shot-to-death-and-two/3298382078800/

Hsiung, David C. Two Worlds in the Tennessee Mountains: Exploring the Origins of Appalachian Stereotypes. University Press of Kentucky, 1997, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130hn3v.

https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/incomejails.html

Huntsville Penitentiary. Charleston, SC: Arcadia PublishingAlexander Street. Web. 30 Mar. 2022. 

Huston, James L. “Civil War Era | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.” Civil War Era | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, www.okhistory.org, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CI011. Accessed 8 Apr. 2022. 

IMDb Filming Locations. “Filming Location Matching ‘Tennessee State Penitentiary, Nashville, Tennessee, USA’ (Sorted by Popularity Ascending) - IMDb.” IMDb, www.imdb.com, https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?locations=Tennessee%20State%20Penitentiary%2C%20Nashville%2C%20Tennessee%2C%20USA. Accessed 12 Apr. 2022.

Ivey, Page. “100 Years of Suffrage: After the Vote, Comes an Era of ‘Firsts.’” University of South Carolina, sc.edu, https://sc.edu/uofsc/posts/2020/08/sc_womens_suffrage_ratification_to_civil_rights.php#.YmrguvPMK3I. Accessed 28 Apr. 2022.

Jackson, Bruce. Wake Up Dead Man: Hard Labor and Southern Blues., 1999. Musical score. 

James D. Morrison, The Social History of the Choctaw Nation, 1865–1907, ed. James C. Milligan and L. David Norris (Durant, Okla.: Creative Informatics, 1987).

Jody Hey, "On the Number of New World Founders: A Population Genetic Portrait of the Peopling of the Americas," PLoS Biol 3(6), On the Number of New World Founders: A Population Genetic Portrait of the Peopling of the Americas (last checked February 25, 2022)

Kahrl, Andrew W. “Opinion | The North’s Jim Crow (Published 2018).” Opinion | The North’s Jim Crow (Published 2018), www.nytimes.com, 27 May 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/27/opinion/jim-crow-north.html.

Keating, Dan, and Laris Karklis. “Where the Country Is Becoming More Diverse.” Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com, 25 Nov. 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/how-diverse-is-america/.

Kehrberg, Kevin, and Jeffrey A. Keith. “Somebody Died, Babe: A Musical Cover-Up of Racism, Violence, and Greed — THE BITTER SOUTHERNER.” THE BITTER SOUTHERNER, bittersoutherner.com, 4 Aug. 2020, https://bittersoutherner.com/2020/somebody-died-babe-a-musical-coverup-of-racism-violence-and-greed.

Kent, Carolyn Y. “Encyclopedia of Arkansas.” Encyclopedia of Arkansas, encyclopediaofarkansas.net, 17 Dec. 2021, Accessed 1 Apr. 2022. https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/choctaw-554/

Kidwell, Clara Sue“Choctaw (tribe),” The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CH047.

Kimmerer, Robin Wall. Braiding Sweetgrass. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Milkweed Editions, 2013.

Klein, Christopher. “How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears - HISTORY.” HISTORY, www.history.com, 7 Nov. 2019, https://www.history.com/news/trail-of-tears-conditions-cherokee.

LaFrance, Adrienne, and Vann R. Newkir. “The Lost History of an American Coup D’État - The Atlantic.” The Lost History of an American Coup D’État - The Atlantic, www.theatlantic.com, 12 Aug. 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/wilmington-massacre/536457/.

LA TIMES ARCHIVES. “Former Altar Boy Executed in S. Carolina - Los Angeles Times.” Los Angeles Times, www.latimes.com, 12 Jan. 1985, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-12-mn-9511-story.html

“LANDBACK.” LANDBACK, landback.org, https://landback.org/. Accessed 12 Apr. 2022. 

Lankford, George E. Native American Legends: Southeastern Legends-Tales from the Natchez, Caddo, Biloxi, Chickasaw, and Other Nations., 1987. Print. 

Lees, Lynn Hollen. The Solidarities of Strangers. Cambridge University Press, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1604/9780521572613.

Leffer, John. “TSHA | Walker County.” TSHA | Walker County, www.tshaonline.org, 1 Apr. 2021, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/walker-county

Library, LDHI. “LDHI - Lowcountry Digital History Initiative · Lowcountry Digital History Initiative.” LDHI - Lowcountry Digital History Initiative · Lowcountry Digital History Initiative, ldhi.library.cofc.edu, http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/. Accessed 2 April 2022.

Lipka, Michael, and Benjamin Wormald. “Most and Least Religious U.S. States | Pew Research Center.” Pew Research Center, www.pewresearch.org, 29 Feb. 2016, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/02/29/how-religious-is-your-state/?state=alabama

M., John. “Guides: Native Americans: History and Culture of Florida Tribes: Tribes of Florida.” Tribes of Florida - Native Americans: History and Culture of Florida Tribes - Guides at Orange County Library System, libguides.ocls.info, 6 Apr. 2022, https://libguides.ocls.info/nativeAmericans/tribes.

Matheny, Jim. “Back to Brushy Mountain: The Historic Prison’s Past and Future | Wbir.Com.” Wbir.Com, www.wbir.com, 7 May 2018, https://www.wbir.com/article/news/local/back-to-brushy-mountain-the-historic-prisons-past-and-future/51-549483189.

Mancini, Matthew J. One Dies, Get Another: Convict Leasing in the American South, 1866-1928. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press, 1996. Print.

Marsteller, Duane, and HMDB. “First State Penitentiary Historical Marker.” First State Penitentiary Historical Marker, www.hmdb.org, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=151598. Accessed 12 Apr. 2022.

Martin, Howard N. “TSHA | Coushatta Indians.” TSHA | Coushatta Indians, www.tshaonline.org, 20 Oct. 2022, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/coushatta-indians

Martin, Kara. “Women to Celebrate during Women’s History Month - The Signal.” The Signal, georgiastatesignal.com, 29 Mar. 2022, https://georgiastatesignal.com/women-to-celebrate-during-womens-history-month/.

McClary, Ben H.  " Trail of Tears, or Nunna-da-ul-tsun-yi." The Tennessee Encyclopedia, 8 October. 2017, Tennessee Historical Society. USA https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/trail-of-tears-or-nunna-da-ul-tsun-yi/. Accessed 23 March. 2022.

McGreevy, Nora. “What a New Supreme Court Decision Means for Native American Sovereignty | Smart News| Smithsonian Magazine.” Smithsonian Magazine, www.smithsonianmag.com, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scotus-rules-much-eastern-oklahoma-native-reservation-180975289/. Accessed 20 Apr. 2022.

McShane, Julianne. “Ida B. Wells Pushed 7 Presidents to Pass Anti-Lynching Legislation. Now It’s Finally Law.” NBC News, www.nbcnews.com, 11 Apr. 2022, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/ida-b-wells-pushed-7-presidents-pass-anti-lynching-legislation-now-s-f-rcna23596.

Michals, Debra. "Angelina Grimke Weld." National Women's History Museum. 2015. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/angelina-grimke-weld.

Miller, Robert J. and Dolan, Torey, The Indian Law Bombshell: McGirt v. Oklahoma (August 10, 2020). 101 Boston University Law Review __ (2021)., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3670425 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3670425

Miller, Vivien M. L. Hard Labor, and Hard Time: Florida's Sunshine Prison and Chain Gangs, University Press of Florida, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1000674

Mitchell, Jerry, and Mississippi Center for Investigative Reporting. “Conditions at Mississippi’s Most Notorious Prison Violate the Constitution, DOJ Says — ProPublica.” Conditions at Mississippi’s Most Notorious Prison Violate the Constitution, DOJ Says — ProPublica, www.propublica.org, 21 Apr. 2022, https://www.propublica.org/article/conditions-at-mississippis-most-notorious-prison-violate-the-constitution-doj-says.

Montgomery, Warner. “Wil Lou Gray Forged a New Direction in the Mindset of the South - Columbia Star.” Columbia Star - Columbia’s Locally Owned Weekly Newspaper since 1963, www.thecolumbiastar.com, 4 Nov. 2011, https://www.thecolumbiastar.com/articles/wil-lou-gray-forged-a-new-direction-in-the-mindset-of-the-south/.

Mounger, Dwyn M. “History as Interpreted by Stephen Elliott.” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, vol. 44, no. 3, 1975, pp. 285–317, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42974673. Accessed 5 Apr. 2022.

Movement Advancement Project. “Movement Advancement Project | LGBTQ Policy Spotlight: Mapping LGBTQ Equality in the U.S. South.” Movement Advancement Project | LGBTQ Policy Spotlight: Mapping LGBTQ Equality in the U.S. South, www.lgbtmap.org, 0 May 2020, https://www.lgbtmap.org/policy-and-issue-analysis/regional-south-tally.

MSNBC Podcast. “Transcript: Texas State Prisons Are without Air Conditioning, Forcing Staff and Inmates to Dangerously Extreme Heat.” Transcript: Texas Is One of the Hottest States in the Country, but People in State Prisons Are Forced to Go without Air Conditioning, www.msnbc.com, 29 Sept. 2021, https://www.msnbc.com/podcast/transcript-texas-one-hottest-states-country-people-state-prisons-are-n1280385.

Mullen, Lincoln. “These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History| Smithsonian Magazine.” Smithsonian Magazine, www.smithsonianmag.com, 15 May 2014, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/maps-reveal-slavery-expanded-across-united-states-180951452/.

Nahsheed, Jameelah. “Blackface Is as Racist Today as It Was When It First Started.” Teen Vogue, www.teenvogue.com, 15 Feb. 2019, https://www.teenvogue.com/story/political-and-traumatic-history-of-blackface.

National Parks Services. “The Muscogee Creek - 1600 - 1840 - Little River Canyon National Preserve (U.S. National Park Service).” The Muscogee Creek - 1600 - 1840 - Little River Canyon National Preserve (U.S. National Park Service), www.nps.gov, 21 May 2021, https://www.nps.gov/liri/learn/historyculture/the-muscogee-creek-1600-1840.html.   

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2001. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9747.

Nations, 500. “Kentucky Tribes.” Kentucky Tribes, www.500nations.com, https://www.500nations.com/Kentucky_Tribes.asp. Accessed 20 Apr. 2022.

“NC DPS: New Hanover Correctional & Pender Correctional Facilities.” NC DPS: New Hanover Correctional & Pender Correctional Facilities, www.ncdps.gov, https://www.ncdps.gov/news/events/2021/07/27/new-hanover-correctional-pender-correctional-facilities. Accessed 19 Apr. 2022.

“NC DPS: Roanoke River Correctional Institution (Formerly Caledonia Correctional).” NC DPS: Roanoke River Correctional Institution (Formerly Caledonia Correctional), www.ncdps.gov, https://www.ncdps.gov/adult-corrections/prisons/prison-facilities/caledonia-correctional-institution. Accessed 19 Apr. 2022.   

Nellis, Ashley. “The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in State Prisons | The Sentencing Project.” The Sentencing Project, www.sentencingproject.org, 13 Oct. 2021, https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons/

Nix, Elizabeth. “7 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley - HISTORY.” HISTORY, www.history.com, 7 Aug. 2019, https://www.history.com/news/7-fascinating-facts-about-elvis.

NYT, Archive. “Mitchell, Last Watergate Prisoner, Is Freed on Parole (Published 1979).” Mitchell, Last Watergate Prisoner, Is Freed on Parole (Published 1979), www.nytimes.com, 20 Jan. 1979, https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/20/archives/mitchell-last-watergate-prisoner-is-freed-on-parole-simply-wants.html.

OIT DATA MANAGEMENT, and Stacy Ellis. “History of the Death Penalty in Georgia.” Georgia Department of Corrections. http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/sites/all/themes/gdc/pdf/Death_penalty_in_Georgia.pdf

Oshinsky, David M., 1944-. Worse than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. New York: Free Press, 1996.

Peine, Emelie K., and Kai A. Schafft. “Moonshine, Mountaineers, and Modernity: Distilling Cultural History in the Southern Appalachian Mountains.” Journal of Appalachian Studies, vol. 18, no. 1/2, [Appalachian Studies Association, Inc., University of Illinois Press], 2012, pp. 93–112, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23337709.

Perez, Maranda, “Native American Trails of DeKalb County” Dekalb County History, https://dekalbhistory.org/blog-posts/a-walk-through-the-past-a-history-of-dekalb-countys-native-americantrails

Pew Charitable Trust. “Adults in the South - Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics | Pew Research Center.” Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project, www.pewresearch.org, 31 Mar. 2022, https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/region/south/

Pew Charitable Trust. “Most and Least Religious U.S. States | Pew Research Center.” Pew Research Center, www.pewresearch.org, 29 Feb. 2016, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/02/29/how-religious-is-your-state/?state=alabama.

Pew Charitable Trusts. “Interpreting Scripture - Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics | Pew Research Center.” Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project, www.pewresearch.org, 31 Mar. 2022, https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/interpreting-scripture/

Platt, Anthony M. The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977. Print.

Rabuy, Bernadette, and Daniel Kopf. “Detaining the Poor: How Money Bail Perpetuates an Endless Cycle of Poverty and Jail Time.” Detaining the Poor: How Money Bail Perpetuates an Endless Cycle of Poverty and Jail Time | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org, 20 May 10AD, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/incomejails.html.

Rae, Noel. “How Christian Slaveholders Used the Bible to Justify Slavery | Time.” Time, time.com, 23 Feb. 2018, https://time.com/5171819/christianity-slavery-book-excerpt/. Accessed 12 March. 2022.

Rae, Noel. The Great Stain: Witnessing American Slavery., 2018. Print.

Reteaching Schools. “Nov. 10, 1898: Wilmington Massacre - Zinn Education Project.” Zinn Education Project, Wilmington, www.zinnedproject.org, 30 Jan. 2022, https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/wilmington-massacre-2/. Accessed 15 January. 2022.

ROBERTS, NANCY. “THE BROWN MOUNTAIN LIGHTS.” Ghosts of the Carolinas, University of South Carolina Press, 2019, pp. 51–54, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvgs0btv.15. Accessed 12 Apr. 2022.

 Robin, Maxime. “Louisiana’s Profitable Prisons.” Le Monde Diplomatique, mondediplo.com, 1 Dec. 2013, https://mondediplo.com/2013/12/11USprison. Accessed 15 January. 2022.

Roth, Mitchel P. Convict Cowboys: The Untold History of the Texas Prison Rodeo. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 2016. 

Sanders, S. (2018, January 11). The Meridian Race Riot (1871). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/meridian-race-riot-1871/ Accessed 08 December. 2020

Satterfield, Kobie. “Culpeper County Sheriff Posts Anti-Black Lives Matter Comments | Wusa9.Com.” Wusa9.Com, www.wusa9.com, 17 Sept. 2020, https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/local/virginia/culpeper-county-sheriff-posts-anti-black-lives-matter-comments/65-7122fbe7-844f-401a-b22f-41f31b06cb9e.

Satz, Ronald N. “Chickasaws.” The Tennessee Encyclopedia, 8 October. 2017, Tennessee Historical Society. USA https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/chickasaws/, Accessed 23 March. 2022.

Sawyer, Wendy. “People with Multiple Arrests Are More Likely to Be Poor,” People with Multiple Arrests Are More Likely to Be Poor. | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org, 0 0 2019, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/graphs/multiple_arrests_economic.html.

Sexton, George E. “Work in American Prisons: Joint Ventures with the Private Sector .” National Institute of Justice, 0 Nov. 1995, https://www.ojp.gov/txtfiles/workampr.txt.

SC Dept of Parks. “Gopher Hill Festival.” Gopher Hill Festival, discoversouthcarolina.com, https://discoversouthcarolina.com/products/1895#:~:text=Prior%20to%20the%201890s%2C%20the,of%20family%20fun%20and%20entertainment. Accessed 11 Apr. 2022.

Scala, Bob. “Worldwide Words: God Willing and the Creek Don’t Rise.” Worldwide Words, www.worldwidewords.org, 5 Feb. 2012, http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-god1.htm.

Scheel, Eugene. “In Loudoun and Fauquier, the Sioux Created a Landscape of Pastureland - The Washington Post.” Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/11/03/in-loudoun-and-fauquier-the-sioux-created-a-landscape-of-pastureland/b1619d42-fc53-4514-9725-1da3c15290ea/. Accessed 20 Apr. 2022.

Schoefield, Heather. “Louisiana Sheriff’s Comments Reflect More than Racism - The Appeal.” The Appeal, theappeal.org, 17 Oct. 2017, https://theappeal.org/louisiana-sheriffs-comments-reflect-more-than-racism/.

Schrift, Melissa. “The Angola Prison Rodeo: Inmate Cowboys and Institutional Tourism.”  Ethnology, vol. 43, no. 4, 2004, pp. 331–344. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3774031. Accessed 15 Dec. 2020

Sharpe, Joshua. “Georgia Prison Conditions Now under Federal Investigation.” The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, www.ajc.com, 14 Sept. 2021, https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/feds-open-civil-rights-probe-into-conditions-violenne-at-ga-prisons/3UOBGAOIPFBZVG6E5KPBMSQU34/.

Sheffey, Brian. “The 1898 Phoenix Riot: Essex Harrison, Eliza Goode, and South Carolina’s Black Voter Suppression - Genealogy Adventures.” Genealogy Adventures, genealogyadventures.net, 9 Dec. 2018, https://genealogyadventures.net/2018/12/09/the-1898-phoenix-riot-essex-harrison-eliza-goode-and-south-carolinas-black-voter-suppression/.

Snyder, Christina. “Conquered Enemies, Adopted Kin, and Owned People: The Creek Indians and Their Captives.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 73, no. 2, 2007, pp. 255–88, https://doi.org/10.2307/27649398. Accessed 9 Apr. 2022.

Spoelman, Colin, and David Haskell. Dead Distillers: A History of the Upstarts and Outlaws Who Made American Spirits, ABRAMS (Ignition), 2016. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=6686536.

Srikanth, Sai. “William Woods Holden (1818-1892) - North Carolina History Project.” North Carolina History Project, northcarolinahistory.org, 0 July 2011, https://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/william-woods-holden-1818-1892/. Accessed 15 April. 2022.

Stowers, Shannon. “The West Virginia Penitentiary’s Cruel and Unusual History; Mountaineer Media.” Mountaineer Media, www.mountaineermedia.org, 18 Mar. 2021, https://www.mountaineermedia.org/blog/5ghy4lgtbm7k2lgcuo3haacxwucoe3.

Sumich, Jason. “It’s All Legal Until You Get Caught: Moonshining in the Southern Appalachians.” It’s All Legal Until You Get Caught: Moonshining in the Southern Appalachians, anthro.appstate.edu, 25 May 2017, https://anthro.appstate.edu/research/field-schools/ethnographic-and-linguistic-field-schools/summer-2007-alleghany-county/its

Tafoya, Sonya, et al. “The New Latino South: The Context and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth | Pew Research Center.” Pew Research Center’s Hispanic Trends Project, www.pewresearch.org, 26 July 2005, https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2005/07/26/the-new-latino-south/. Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Tennessee Blue Book. Nashville: Secretary of State, 1938. Print. Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Texas Handbook, Updated: 9 Nov. 2022, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/huntsville-tx. Accessed 5 April. 2022.

“Texas 2019 | National Institute of Corrections.” National Institute of Corrections, nicic.gov, 25 May 2021, https://nicic.gov/state-statistics/2019/texas-2019#:~:text=The%20Prison%20System,a%20budget%20of%20%24%E2%80%AD3%2C287%2C273%2C079.

The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Thompson, Claire E. “What Is the Indigenous Landback Movement — and Can It Help the Climate?” Fix, grist.org, 25 Nov. 2020, https://grist.org/fix/indigenous-landback-movement-can-it-help-climate/.

Thorton, Mary. “Racial Tensions Fuel the Hell in Brushy Mountain Penitentiary - The Washington Post.” Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com, 5 Mar. 1982, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/03/05/racial-tensions-fuel-the-hell-in-brushy-mountain-penitentiary/66d787aa-7ac0-4305-8123-84d0a9a76f77/. Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Tucker, C. (2021, June 17). Louisiana State Prison, Angola (1880- ). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/institutions-african-american-history/louisiana-state-prison-angola-1880/Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Tucker, Ernst H. “PRISON REFORM IN MISSISSIPPI Its Beginnings, 1890–1906.” The Social Science Bulletin, vol. 3, no. 3, Mississippi State University, 1950, pp. 15–18, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45214842.Accessed 1April. 2022.

U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics data for 2019. “State-by-State Data | The Sentencing Project.” The Sentencing Project, www.sentencingproject.org, 28 July 2020, https://www.sentencingproject.org/the-facts/#rankings. Accessed 9 April. 2022.

Waddell, Gene. Indians of the South Carolina Lowcountry, 1562-1751., 1980. Print.

Wagner, Pete, and Wendy Sawyer. “Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2022 | Prison Policy Initiative.” Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2022 | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org, 14 Mar. 2022, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2022.html.

Waselkov, Gregory A. Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813-14. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006

Weisner, Molly. “Black Cotton Flips History of Crop, Owned by Young Black Farmer | Raleigh News & Observer.” Raleigh News & Observer, www.newsobserver.com, 24 Nov. 2020, https://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article247307849.html.

Widra, Emily. “No Escape: The Trauma of Witnessing Violence in Prison | Prison Policy Initiative.” No Escape: The Trauma of Witnessing Violence in Prison | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org, 20 Dec. 2020, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2020/12/02/witnessing-prison-violence/.

Williams, David. “StackPath.” StackPath, www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com, https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/southern-unionism.html. Accessed 7 Apr. 2022. 

Willis, Matthew. “Why There’s a West Virginia - JSTOR Daily.” JSTOR Daily, daily.jstor.org, 8 Sept. 2017, https://daily.jstor.org/why-theres-a-west-virginia/. Accessed 5 April. 2022.

Wilk, Daniel Levinson. “The Phoenix Riot and the Memories of Greenwood County.” Southern Cultures, vol. 8, no. 4, 2002, pp. 29–55, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44376509. Accessed 28 Apr. 2022.

Wooley, Robert, H. "Race and Politics: The Evolution of the White Supremacy Campaign of 1898 in North Carolina." Ph. D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1977.

Wyant, Riley. “One Inmate Dead, More than 300 Infected amid COVID-19 Outbreak at Culpeper County Prison.” Https://Www.Nbc29.Com, nbc29.com, nbc29.com/2020/11/24/one-inmate-dead-more-than-infected-amid-covid-outbreak-culpeper-county-prison/. Accessed 20 Apr. 2022.

Yarbrough, Fay A. Choctaw Confederates. University of NC Press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5149/9781469665139_Yarbrough.

Zelazko, Alicja. “Zelda Fitzgerald | Biography, Book, Death, & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com, 6 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zelda-Fitzgerald. Accessed 1 April. 2022.

Zhen Zhang, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Jail Inmates in 2016, 2 (March 2022). Accessed 1April. 2022.